求英语定语从句用法,

求英语定语从句用法,
求英语定语从句用法,

求英语定语从句用法,
定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面.2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等.关系词常有3个作用：1,引导定语从句.2,代替先行词.3,在定语从句中担当一个成分.
,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任．
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句．
I. 限制性定语从句的特殊用法
II. 非限制性定语从句
III. 同位语从句
IV. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
I. 限制性定语从句的特殊用法
1. way + 定语从句
way 后面跟定语从句有三种形式.
(1) way + in which + 定语从句
例如：
She was pleased with the way in which he had accepted her criticism.
(2) way + that +定语从句
例如：
They didn’t do it in the way that we do now.
(3) way + 定语从句
例如：
He didn’t speak the way I do.
2. as 引导的定语从句
(1) 在由 as 引导的定语从句中所修饰的词（先行词）前面常有 such 或 the same.
例如：
Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
I have the same trouble as you (have).
(2) As 在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语.
例如：
Let’s discuss only such questions as concern everyone of us.（作主语）
I never heard such stories as he tells.（作宾语）
I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is.（作表语）
(3) As 有时引导非限制性定语从句,可在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语,修饰主句,常解释为正如、如同.
例如：
As is known to all, the earth moves round the sun.（作主语）
As was expected, he performed the task with success.（作主语）
As he predicted, the wind changed.（作宾语）
The meeting is very important, as indeed it is.（作表语）
II. 非限制性定语从句
1.非限制性定语从句由 who, whom, which 引导（不可用 that）,还可以由 whose, when, where 等词引导.
非限制性定语从句要用逗号隔开,非限制性定语从句可以删去,整个句子的意思还是完整的,而限制性定语从句如果被删去,句子的意思不完整.
例如：
Mr Brown, who is our English teacher, lives near our school.
Yesterday I met my son’s school master, whom you saw at my home last year.
He has finished the difficult exercise, which is easy for you.
The factory is headed by a 35-year-old man, whose wife is from America.
They will fly to Qingdao, where they plan to stay for two weeks.
In these days, when I was a child, the city had no industry to speak of.
注意：非限制性定语从句中的关系词是不可省略的.
2.非限制性定语从句有时并非修饰名词或代词,它可以修饰整个句子.
例如：
They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.
3.in front of, at the back of, in the middle of 等短语在定语从句中的用法.
如果关系代词是作这类介词短语的宾语时,介词短语必须提前.
例如：
Yesterday afternoon we arrived at his log cabin, in front of which stood a tall
tree.
4.注意此类句子表达方式.
There are forty students in their class, thirty of whom are League members.
也可以改成
There are forty students in their class, of whom thirty are League members.
III.同位语从句
同位语从句常跟在 idea, fact, doubt, thought, belief, news, hope 等词后面,由连接代词 that（不可用 which）和连接副词 when, where, whether 等引导.
例如：
I had no idea that you were here.
The fact that he is unfit for his job is quite clear.
Then arose the question where we were to get the machine needed.
All the time she was in bitter doubt whether she was right.
IV.同位语从句和定语从句的区别
同位语从句用于名词后面,对该名词的内容作进一步说明,连接词在从句中不作成份.
定语从句用于修饰名词或代词,引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词往往在定语从句中作一个成份.
例如：
Have you heard the news that Mr Smith will come to give a lecture on Irish Fairy Tales?
这里 that 引导的是同位语从句,不可以用 which 代替 that, 连接代词在从句中不作成份.
Have you told him the news that I told you last week?
这里 that 引导的是定语从句,可以用 which 代替 that,它在定语从句中作宾语

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定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住： 1.what不能引导定语从句. 2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。 一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析： The old man who/whom /that we ...

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定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住： 1.what不能引导定语从句. 2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。 一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析： The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist. Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing . The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）注： A． 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。 1．先行词为one、ones或anyone （1）The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard. （2）Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 2．先行词为these时 These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school. 3．在there be 开头的句子中 There is a student who wants to see you. 4．一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。 The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards. 5．在非限制性定语从句中 A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan. B．主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。 二．指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析： 1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun. 2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good. 3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.) 4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.) 注： A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that. (1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor. (2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming. B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。 Is this the book which she is looking for? The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li. The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son. C． 指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。 （1）先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。 We are willing to do anything that is good to the people. I have told them all (that) I know. All that can be done has been done. （2）先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。 The first book that I read last night was an English novel. （3）先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。 This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen. This is the best that can be done now. （4）如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适，只能用that。 We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about. There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill. （5）如果先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修饰时。 This is the only book that can be lent to you. （6）当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。 Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ? D．只物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that。 （1）关系代词放在介词之后 This is the factory in which we once worked. （2）非限制性定语从句中 This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun. （3）that，Those作主语时 Those which are on the desk are English books. E．先行词前有such、the same、 as时, 关系代词用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同样的, the same…that…表示同一的 He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays. 三．比较When/which、where /which、why. which I still never forget. This is the day when I joined the party. which he spent reading the books. where I found the book. which makes machines. This is the place which we once visited. which I will never forget. which I am looking for. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别： 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 All the students who study hard have passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的学生都及格了，他们学习努力。（没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。） 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正确。） 从句是对先行词的附加说明（如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影响。） 与主句关系密切，不用逗号 与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时，从句译在先行词前，与先行词用“的”连接 译为汉语时，从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词代替宾语时可以省略 关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which 先研究下面两个例句： ○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。 ○2.Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。 这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处： 1． 在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。 2． 在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which，如句○2。再如： 1．He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。 2． The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。（不用as） 3．The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财，这是不光彩的。（不 用as） 4．He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。（不用as） 5．As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已经指出的那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等结构中,as不能用which代替。如： 1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。 =Books such as this are … =Books like this are … 2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大楼里。 3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他认识所有到会的人。 4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我们和平时一样，都起得很早。 “One of the +复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况 这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所*近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如： 1． That is one of the books that are required for study at school. 2． This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990. 3． She is one of the few persons who know Spanish . 4． This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties, 如果one of +复数名词这一结构前面带有the only、the very之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词。如： 1.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修饰the only one) He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修饰the teachers) 2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修饰the only one) This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修饰rooms) as与which引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 As we all know, the earth is round. 2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you. 3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected. 4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。 She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.

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简而言之 定语从句：先行词（名词)+关联词+定语从句
关联词（关系代词）：
who(指人）...人———主、宾、表
whom（指人）...人———宾
whose（指人的）...人的———定
which（指物）...东西———主宾表
...

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简而言之 定语从句：先行词（名词)+关联词+定语从句
关联词（关系代词）：
who(指人）...人———主、宾、表
whom（指人）...人———宾
whose（指人的）...人的———定
which（指物）...东西———主宾表
that（指人或物）...人或物——主宾表
关系代词作宾语时可省略。
关联词（关系副词）：
when指时间...的时候
where指地点...的地方
why指原因...的原因
关系副词作副词
例句：the man who got to school first
the man (whom\that)you met yesterday
the boy whose brother is a lawyer
the book (which\that)I lent you then
the book which\that is under the bed
Please rememberthe time when we went to school together.
This was the place where Salt Lake City now lies.
I shall tell you the reason why I didn'go to the ball last night.

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